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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>#\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632_\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a #\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a #\u062d\u0627\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a #\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"text-holder\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>(*) \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 506 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/ \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2021.<\/p>\n<p>(**) \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ysawani@caus.org.lb<\/p>\n<p><sup><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <\/sup>\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2004 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647: <em>Who Are We?: The Challenges to America\u2019s National Identity<\/em>\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <strong>\u0646\u062d\u0646\u061f<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u2013 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c 2006).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 Eleni Psarrou, \u00abNational Identity in the Era of Globalisation,\u00bb (PhD Thesis Submitted to LSE, 2014), pp. 243-252 and 296-306, &lt;http:\/\/etheses.lse.ac.uk\/2507\/1\/U615456.pdf&gt;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 Abdulkafi Albirini, <em>Modern Arabic Sociolinguistics Diglossia, Variation, Codeswitching, Attitudes and Identity<\/em> (New York; London: Routledge, 2016), pp. 122-124.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0640\u0646\u0640\u0641\u0640\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0640\u063a\u0640\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0640\u0627\u0646\u0640\u064a\u0640\u062a\u0640\u064a\u0640\u0633\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 <\/strong>(\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c\u00bb <strong>\u0625\u0636\u0640\u0627\u0641\u0640\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 46 (\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0639 2019)\u060c \u0635 10- 13.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/strong> (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2013)\u060c \u0635 446-454.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u061b 47 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2003).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a <\/strong>(\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c 1980)\u060c \u063582-83.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/strong> (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008)\u060c \u063579.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u00ab\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c\u00bb \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635 12-14\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 &lt;https:\/\/bit.ly\/2MA4nDL&gt;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong> (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2018).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f\u060c\u00bb &lt;https:\/\/bit.ly\/2kv8cwB&gt; .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2016)\u060c \u0635 106-108.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2010)\u060c \u0635 38 \u0648 875-882.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c <strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/strong> (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 115 \u0625\u0644\u0649 179.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 2019-2020 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: &lt;https:\/\/bit.ly\/3chRR6X&gt;.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a>\u2002 Ziad Abdel Samad and Kinda Mohamadieh, \u00abThe Revolutions of the Arab Spring: Socioeconomic Questions at the Heart of Successful Ways Forward,\u00bb in: Layla Al-Zubaidi, ed., <em>People\u2019s Power: The Arab World in Revolt<\/em> (Berlin: Heinrich B\u00f6ll Stiftung, 2011), p. 116, &lt;https:\/\/lb.boell.org\/sites\/default\/files\/perspectives_-_issue_2.pdf&gt;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":42386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[100089],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyzes_and_studies"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.arraee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A9.jpg?fit=768%2C431&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcZPZx-b1D","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/97"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=42385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42387,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42385\/revisions\/42387"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/42386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=42385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=42385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=42385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}