{"id":48837,"date":"2022-02-27T13:45:23","date_gmt":"2022-02-27T11:45:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/?p=48837"},"modified":"2022-02-27T13:20:53","modified_gmt":"2022-02-27T11:20:53","slug":"%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/?p=48837","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"text-align-justify\"><strong>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref1\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn1\" data-extlink=\"\">[1]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref4\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn4\" data-extlink=\"\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref6\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 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data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn7\" data-extlink=\"\">[7]<\/a>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a<a id=\"_ftnref8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref8\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn8\" data-extlink=\"\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref9\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn9\" data-extlink=\"\">[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-align-justify\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b<\/h2>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref10\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u00a0\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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data-extlink=\"\">[10]<\/a>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0627\u00a0\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref12\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn12\" data-extlink=\"\">[12]<\/a>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 1990-1994\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 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data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn13\" data-extlink=\"\">[13]<\/a>. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref14\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn14\" data-extlink=\"\">[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 2005-2010 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 200 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref15\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn15\" data-extlink=\"\">[15]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\">\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2011\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0639\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref18\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0623\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627<a id=\"_ftnref16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref16\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn16\" data-extlink=\"\">[16]<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 10 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/ \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2011<a id=\"_ftnref17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref17\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn17\" data-extlink=\"\">[17]<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021<a id=\"_ftnref18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref18\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn18\" data-extlink=\"\">[18]<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2012\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c 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href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref19\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn19\" data-extlink=\"\">[19]<\/a>\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627<a id=\"_ftnref21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref21\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn21\" data-extlink=\"\">[21]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref22\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref22\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn22\" data-extlink=\"\">[22]<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.syria.tv\/taxonomy\/term\/501\">\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref28\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0647 &#8220;\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref23\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn23\" data-extlink=\"\">[23]<\/a>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f&#8221; \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019<a id=\"_ftnref24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref24\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn24\" data-extlink=\"\">[24]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221;<a id=\"_ftnref25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref25\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn25\" data-extlink=\"\">[25]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f&#8221; \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u062d\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u060c \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629&#8221;<a id=\"_ftnref26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn26\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref26\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn26\" data-extlink=\"\">[26]<\/a>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref27\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn27\" data-extlink=\"\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref28\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn28\" data-extlink=\"\">[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.syria.tv\/taxonomy\/term\/827\">\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631\u060c<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 &#8220;\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c 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href=\"https:\/\/www.syria.tv\/taxonomy\/term\/119221\">\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0642\u0633\u062f&#8221; &#8211; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a 10 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u00a0\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2015 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0648\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645<a id=\"_ftnref32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref32\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn32\" data-extlink=\"\">[32]<\/a>. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 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\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0645<a id=\"_ftnref33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref33\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn33\" data-extlink=\"\">[33]<\/a>. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0633\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0651 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<a id=\"_ftnref34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref34\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn34\" data-extlink=\"\">[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref35\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref36\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn36\" data-extlink=\"\">[36]<\/a>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0633\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644<a id=\"_ftnref37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn37\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref37\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn37\" data-extlink=\"\">[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-align-justify\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634<\/h2>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref38\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062b\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<a id=\"_ftnref38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref38\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn38\" data-extlink=\"\">[38]<\/a>. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref40\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn40\" data-extlink=\"\">[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref41\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 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data-extlink=\"\">[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"tooltip_content__ftnref47\" class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064e \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019<a id=\"_ftnref42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref42\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn42\" data-extlink=\"\">[42]<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629&#8221;<a id=\"_ftnref43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref43\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn43\" data-extlink=\"\">[43]<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0623\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c<a id=\"_ftnref44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref44\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn44\" 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<a id=\"_ftnref48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftn48\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftnref48\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftn48\" data-extlink=\"\">[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c 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\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\">\n<hr \/>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn1\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn1\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref1\" data-extlink=\"\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\/ \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 2013)\u060c \u0635 24.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn2\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn2\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref2\" data-extlink=\"\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f (\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\/ \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 2019)\u060c \u0635 236.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn3\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn3\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref3\" data-extlink=\"\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 (\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021)\u060c \u0635 22\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BxbaUo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BxbaUo<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn4\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn4\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref4\" data-extlink=\"\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0635 23.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn5\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn5\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref5\" data-extlink=\"\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0635 11.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn6\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn6\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref6\" data-extlink=\"\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0635 23.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn7\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn7\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref7\" data-extlink=\"\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0635 12.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn8\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn8\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref8\" data-extlink=\"\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn9\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn9\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref9\" data-extlink=\"\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 15.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn10\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn10\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref10\" data-extlink=\"\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 14.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn11\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn11\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref11\" data-extlink=\"\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 24<\/strong>\u060c 2016\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 19\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BCbUHJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BCbUHJ<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn12\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn12\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref12\" data-extlink=\"\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\/ \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 2013)\u060c \u0635 146.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn13\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn13\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref13\" data-extlink=\"\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\/ \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 2013)\u060c \u0635 357.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn14\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn14\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref14\" data-extlink=\"\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u2019\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u2018 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c 11\/8\/2020\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/34lMhi9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/34lMhi9<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn15\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn15\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref15\" data-extlink=\"\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Charles R. Lister,\u00a0<em>The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency<\/em>\u00a0(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), p. 24.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn16\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn16\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref16\" data-extlink=\"\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 151.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn17\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn17\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref17\" data-extlink=\"\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<\/strong>\u0635 357.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn18\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn18\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref18\" data-extlink=\"\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/strong>\u060c 24\/6\/2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gtR0kc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gtR0kc<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn19\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn19\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref19\" data-extlink=\"\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0635 28\u061b &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631: \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 24<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020)\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3JA4ffK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3JA4ffK<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn20\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn20\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref20\" data-extlink=\"\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Nicholas Heras, Bassam Barabandi &amp; Nidal Betare, \u201cDeir Azzour Tribal Mapping Project,\u201d Center for New American Security (October 2017), accessed on 20\/2\/2022, at:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3B0hpzV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3B0hpzV<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn21\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn21\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref21\" data-extlink=\"\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0635 29.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn22\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn22\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref22\" data-extlink=\"\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn23\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn23\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref23\" data-extlink=\"\">[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u2019\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f\u2018&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 26\/11\/2019\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gnpULO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gnpULO<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn24\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn24\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref24\" data-extlink=\"\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u2019\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f\u2018.. \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong>\u060c 7\/2\/2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3roNYnH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3roNYnH<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn25\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn25\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref25\" data-extlink=\"\">[25]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c 13\/7\/2014\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3uotmOl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3uotmOl<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn26\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref26\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn26\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref26\" data-extlink=\"\">[26]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632<\/strong>\u060c 1\/2\/2017\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3rmRSxy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3rmRSxy<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn27\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn27\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref27\" data-extlink=\"\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c &#8220;\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018)\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3olVjm6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3olVjm6<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn28\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn28\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref28\" data-extlink=\"\">[28]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u0631&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u0631<\/strong>\u060c 28\/8\/2019\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3seeDTF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3seeDTF<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn29\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn29\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref29\" data-extlink=\"\">[29]<\/a>\u00a0Sardar Mullah Darwish, \u201cSyrian Democratic Forces set sights on IS stronghold,\u201d\u00a0<em>Al-Monitor<\/em>, 15\/12\/2015, accessed on 20\/2\/2022, at:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/goo.gl\/bAb69y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">http:\/\/goo.gl\/bAb69y<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn30\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn30\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref30\" data-extlink=\"\">[30]<\/a>\u00a0\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062d\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn31\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn31\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref31\" data-extlink=\"\">[31]<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong>\u060c 5\/8\/2020\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/34n7U1w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/34n7U1w<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn32\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn32\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref32\" data-extlink=\"\">[32]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c 12\/8\/2020\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ut2j4y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ut2j4y<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn33\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn33\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref33\" data-extlink=\"\">[33]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\u060c 15\/7\/2020\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gs3Gbz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gs3Gbz<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn34\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn34\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref34\" data-extlink=\"\">[34]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631.. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u2019\u0642\u0633\u062f\u2018&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u0631<\/strong>\u060c 7\/3\/2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3rocZ2k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3rocZ2k<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn35\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn35\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref35\" data-extlink=\"\">[35]<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: &#8220;\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c 22\/6\/2019\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3shItGG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3shItGG<\/a>\u061b &#8220;\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0646: \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c 17\/8\/2019\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3GrtzTc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3GrtzTc<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn36\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn36\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref36\" data-extlink=\"\">[36]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u2019\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u2018 \u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 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\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2\/7\/2019\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Hv26By\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Hv26By<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn38\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn38\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref38\" data-extlink=\"\">[38]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0634\u060c &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c 20\/11\/2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3J69kwl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3J69kwl<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn39\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn39\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref39\" data-extlink=\"\">[39]<\/a>\u00a0\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u060c 20\/1\/2022.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn40\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn40\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref40\" data-extlink=\"\">[40]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 21<\/strong>\u060c 6\/1\/2017\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BadeSd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BadeSd<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn41\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn41\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref41\" data-extlink=\"\">[41]<\/a>\u00a0\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u2019\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u2018.. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u2019\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u2018 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 8\/2\/2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arbne.ws\/34ur1qf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/arbne.ws\/34ur1qf<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn42\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn42\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref42\" data-extlink=\"\">[42]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u2019\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0627\u2018 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u2019\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u2018 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/strong>\u060c 20\/2\/2019\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3rpUWZH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3rpUWZH<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn43\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn43\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref43\" data-extlink=\"\">[43]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c 18\/12\/2020\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gnRVCY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3gnRVCY<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn44\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn44\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref44\" data-extlink=\"\">[44]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631.. \u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u2019\u0642\u0633\u062f\u2018 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\u060c 19\/11\/2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3J2o9jn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3J2o9jn<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn45\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref45\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn45\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref45\" data-extlink=\"\">[45]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/strong>\u060c 7\/11\/2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3IW4666\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3IW4666<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn46\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref46\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn46\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref46\" data-extlink=\"\">[46]<\/a>\u00a0\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062d\u064a.<\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn47\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn47\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref47\" data-extlink=\"\">[47]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u2019\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u2018 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c 9\/1\/2022\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Hq2LEg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Hq2LEg<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6 id=\"tooltip_content__ftn48\" class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"_ftn48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dohainstitute.org\/ar\/PoliticalStudies\/Pages\/The-Jazira-and-Euphrates-Tribes-in-Syria-Fragile-Alliances-from-Baathism-to-the-Revolution.aspx#_ftnref48\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" name=\"_ftn48\" data-tooltip-content=\"#tooltip_content__ftnref48\" data-extlink=\"\">[48]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644&#8221;\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c 11\/4\/2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 20\/2\/2022\u060c \u0641\u064a:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/35PVPCC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-extlink=\"\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/35PVPCC<\/a><\/h6>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\"><strong>*\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0627 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