“\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0628”<\/a>\u00a0(789- 857\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628” \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628.<\/p>\n\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u00a0\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u00a0(874- 950 \u0645) \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a (805- 873 \u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1910. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 (1854) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646 (1867) \u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 (1872)\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1900 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1906\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0634 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062c\u062f: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1956).<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 “\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646”.<\/p>\n
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\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631).<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629” \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a “\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0633”\u00a0(\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f)\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 “\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a”.<\/p>\n
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<\/div>![\"\u0639\u0632\u0641](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.syria.tv\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/8_kbyrt_690\/public\/2022-12\/b58508342f8ea07ae7fbf626e10f2fed.jpg?resize=690%2C383&ssl=1\")
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