{"id":80546,"date":"2023-07-07T21:07:16","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T18:07:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/?p=80546"},"modified":"2023-07-07T21:07:16","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T18:07:16","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%8b%d9%91%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/?p=80546","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"summary small media-caption field field--name-field-media-caption field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item\">\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644).<\/div>\n<div class=\"field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item\">\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A1\">(1)<\/a>. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0641\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648&#8221;\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646) \u0648(\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0633 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-align-justify\">\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647<\/h2>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A2\">(2)<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629-\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2006. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A3\">(3)<\/a>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A4\">(4)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2003 \u06482011\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A5\">(5)<\/a>. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a 1997\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2020\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a): \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a 15 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2011. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2000 \u06483000 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A6\">(6)<\/a>. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f (1992) \u0648\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 (1994) \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0631 (1995)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a 2009\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 2011 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629): \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A7\">(7)<\/a>\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 &#8220;\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0634\u064a\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 13 \u0625\u0644\u0649 17 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2012. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2012. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u0635 (\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2012\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a 15 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2012.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629): \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-align-justify\">\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2012\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0647\u064a: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637&#8221; \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0626\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A8\">(8)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A9\">(9)<\/a>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 2012 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 2013\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0628\u064a: \u0648\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0628\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A10\">(10)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642: \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2013\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A11\">(11)<\/a>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 &#8220;\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a: \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a 2015\u060c \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a 2018. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2500 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644. \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0626\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A12\">(12)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 1400 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A13\">(13)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648&#8221;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8221; \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A14\">(14)<\/a>. \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2013 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 1500 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 2003 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2011\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a 2003 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a 2006 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 (32) \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a 2009\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u063a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 2009 &#8220;\u062d\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u062f\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A15\">(15)<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2013\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A16\">(16)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 45 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642) \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648&#8221;\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A17\">(17)<\/a>. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">&#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627&#8221; (\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627): \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0635. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646&#8221;: &#8220;\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0652\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">&#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631&#8221;: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2013 \u06482015\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631&#8221; \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A18\">(18)<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628: \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 2013 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 2014 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645&#8221; (\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634) \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A19\">(19)<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064e \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a 2009\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u062d\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A20\">(20)<\/a>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0626\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a &#8220;\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 &#8220;\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A21\">(21)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u064f\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u064f\u0646\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A22\">(22)<\/a>. \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 14 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A23\">(23)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a 2016\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A24\">(24)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221;. \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 700 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 1100 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 15 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A25\">(25)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A26\">(26)<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 15 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A27\">(27)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2018 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 44 \u0625\u0644\u0649 88 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A28\">\u00a0(28)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 70 \u0625\u0644\u0649 130 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 42 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648128 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A29\">(29)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 (\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2500 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A30\">(30)<\/a>\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0637\u0644\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 2021\u060c &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A31\">(31)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"align-center\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studies.aljazeera.net\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-images\/1_5.png?resize=769%2C577&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\".\" width=\"769\" height=\"577\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"faf98db8-229f-4292-840e-044465c86d42\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-center\" dir=\"RTL\">\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A32\">(32)<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 78 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A33\">(33)<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 -\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d- \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0628\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5679?fbclid=IwAR0_QUEDesUsG0NLN6VsJcmMswSMneLlGN0gWjXiAjBA3P9_hy0Z_inH9zc#A34\">(34)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-align-justify\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0650\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 (\u0643\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0622\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n<p class=\"text-align-justify\" dir=\"RTL\">\u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<div class=\"field--label\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/div>\n<div class=\"field--item\">\n<ol>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A1\" name=\"A1\"><\/a>\u00a0Mesbahi, Mohiaddin, Free and Confined: Iran and the International System. (Spring 2011). Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, 5 (2): 9-34.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A2\" name=\"A2\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b (\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0626\u064a\u060c 30 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2011 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 13 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MuIJgR\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MuIJgR<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A3\" name=\"A3\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 28 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 18 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3OkYgBn\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3OkYgBn<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A4\" name=\"A4\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A5\" name=\"A5\"><\/a>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06c0 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc (\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ByPWX6\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ByPWX6<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A6\" name=\"A6\"><\/a>\u00a0Ruth Sherlock, Iran boosts support to Syria, Telegraph, 21 February 2014 (Accessed: 15 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BxP3hj\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BxP3hj<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A7\" name=\"A7\"><\/a>\u00a0Joseph Holliday, Syria&#8217;s armed opposition, Institute for the Study of War, Middle East Security Report 3, March 2012, p: 6.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A8\" name=\"A8\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633(\u0639)\/ \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0647 (\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\/\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2013 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 13 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MzI5ik\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MzI5ik<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A9\" name=\"A9\"><\/a>\u00a0Mona Mahmood and Martin Chulov, \u2018Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines\u2019, The Guardian, 4 June 2013 (Accessed: 13 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Oj8thI\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Oj8thI<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A10\" name=\"A10\"><\/a>\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2020 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 15 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/436ADAH\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/436ADAH<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A11\" name=\"A11\"><\/a>Naame Shaam, Iran in Syria From an Ally of the Regime to an Occupying Force, 1st Edition, September 2014, p: 36.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A12\" name=\"A12\"><\/a>\u00a0\u00c9lie Saikali, Qui est le groupe Kata\u2019ib Hezbollah?, Lorient le Jour, 30 December 2019 (Accessed: 14 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3OiKrDp\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3OiKrDp<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A13\" name=\"A13\"><\/a>\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A14\" name=\"A14\"><\/a>Phillip Smyth, Hizballah cavalcade: kata`ib sayyid al-shuhada emerges. 9 September 2013 (Accessed: 15 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MzOk5K\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MzOk5K<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A15\" name=\"A15\"><\/a>\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/ \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u06f8\u06f8 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a (\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 2009 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 11 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 2022 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 15 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MJdIGl\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MJdIGl<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A16\" name=\"A16\"><\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0646\u0627\u0628\u063a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645&#8221;\u061b \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 7 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 15 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Mf6qZa\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Mf6qZa<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A17\" name=\"A17\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0634\u0648\u0645 (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 10\u060c 15 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 2016.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A18\" name=\"A18\"><\/a>\u00a0Phillip Smyth, Lebanese Hezbollah&#8217;s Islamic Resistance in Syria, The Washington Institute, 26 April 2018 (Accessed: 16 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Iic2AX\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Iic2AX<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0Phillip Smyth, The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects, The Washington Institute, 2 February 2015, p: 31.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A20\" name=\"A20\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u061f (\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d\u061f)\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c 26 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2016 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Me3ZGd\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Me3ZGd<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A21\" name=\"A21\"><\/a>\u00a0Hamidreza Azizi and Amir Hossein Vazirian, The Role of Armed Non-State Actors in Iran\u2019s Syria Strategy: A Case Study of Fatemiyoun and Zainabiyoun Brigades, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Volume 25, Issue 3, 2023.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A22\" name=\"A22\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u00ab\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 (\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221;)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c 28 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2020 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023): &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ImYfJd\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ImYfJd<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A23\" name=\"A23\"><\/a>Tobias Schneider, \u2018The Fatemiyoun Division: Afghan fighters in the Syrian civil war\u2019, Middle East Institute, 15 October 2018, p: 5.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A24\" name=\"A24\"><\/a>\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u062f (\u0633\u064f\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 2 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2016 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 12 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/45be6Vd\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/45be6Vd<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A25\" name=\"A25\"><\/a>\u00a0Hamidreza Azizi and Amir Hossein Vazirian, Ibid.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A26\" name=\"A26\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A27\" name=\"A27\"><\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c 24 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2023 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 18 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/41WsqxH\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/41WsqxH<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A28\" name=\"A28\"><\/a>Mapping the Iranian Military&#8217;s Footprint in Southern Syria, Jusoor for Studies, 20 August 2021 (Accessed: 13 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3W80DcB\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3W80DcB<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A29\" name=\"A29\"><\/a>\u00a0\u06f1\u06f5 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062c\u0646\u06af\u0646\u062f (15 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642)\u060c 14 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2015 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 18 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/41R9pwH\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/41R9pwH<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"30\" name=\"30\"><\/a>Hamidreza Azizi, Iran\u2019s Multi-Faceted Strategy in Deir ez\u2011Zor, From Fighting Terrorism to Creating a Zone of Influence, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 27 March 2020 (Accessed: 15 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3pNRp9i\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3pNRp9i<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A31\" name=\"A31\"><\/a>\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064a \u0622\u0631 \u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 26 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2021 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 18 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3IrWGtz\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3IrWGtz<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A32\" name=\"A32\"><\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 6 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2021 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MbYZSG\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MbYZSG<\/a>\u00a0Also see: Phillip Smyth, The Shia Militia Mapping Project, The Washington Institute, Last\u00a0\u00a0Updated April 2020 (Accessed: 15 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MAZI1g\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MAZI1g<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\"><a id=\"A33\" name=\"A33\"><\/a>\u00a0Mona Alami, Syria Seeks to Integrate Myriad Paramilitaries, Al-Monitor, 29 November 2018 (Accessed: 15 May 2023):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/41KNPda\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/41KNPda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"text-align-justify\">\u00a0<a id=\"A34\" name=\"A34\"><\/a>Phillip Smyth, The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects, Ibid, p: 49.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644). \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":80547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"topbottom","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"5","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[100089],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyzes_and_studies"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.arraee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/web_10.jpg?fit=2500%2C1405&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcZPZx-kX8","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/97"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=80546"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":80548,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80546\/revisions\/80548"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/80547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=80546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=80546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arraee.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=80546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}