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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629" \u0648" \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 2008". \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 <\/span>IFPO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [1] \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1973\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635 236<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [2] \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 6 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (57) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1962\u060c \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 5 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1962. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0640"\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629" (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 48 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1962\u060c \u0635 8245). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645).<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [3] \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 7 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1962<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [4] \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1957\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1957\u060c \u0635 \u0635323<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [5] \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [6] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633)\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 2025\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2007\u060c \u0635402. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 1962-1976\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640"\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629" \u0635 80. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1985 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0633 29682 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621\u064d \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u064835 \u0623\u0644\u0641 "\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0645" \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635402-403).<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [7] \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 6\/11\/1962.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [8] \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633: \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 17 \u0625\u0644\u0649 23 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1962.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n [9] <\/span>Joseph R. Strayer: On the Medieval Origins of Modern State; Princeton University Press; 2005<\/span><\/span>